ناراحت
Nârâhat means “sad, upset, uncomfortable.” A2 emotion adjective, an Arabic-derived compound (nâ + râhat). Covers everything from physical discomfort to emotional hurt; quieter and more inward than asabâni.
Glossary
خوش
Khosh means “pleasant, happy, good.” A2 adjective and prefix. Lives in dozens of compounds: khosh-âmadid (welcome), khosh-hâl (happy), khosh-mazze (delicious). One of Persian’s most productive roots.
سرد
Sard means “cold,” both for temperature and for emotional distance. A1 foundation adjective. Pairs with garm (warm) for the most-used hot/cold contrast in Persian.
عصبانی شدن
Asabâni shodan means “to get angry.” A2 compound verb built from asabâni (angry, Arabic loan) plus shodan (to become). Intransitive: the subject becomes angry, no object.
پرسیدن
Porsidan means “to ask” a question. A1 foundation verb. Pair it with az (from) to mark the person you are asking: “az pedaram porsidam” (I asked my father).
نشستن
Neshastan means “to sit, to sit down.” A1 foundation verb with an irregular stem change (neshast past, neshin present). Hosts use “benshinid” constantly when welcoming guests.
ایستادن
Istâdan means “to stand” or “to stop, halt.” A1 foundation verb covering both standing upright and bringing motion to a halt. Used constantly in directions, taxi rides, and queueing.
نوشیدن
Nushidan is the formal Persian verb for “to drink.” A1 foundation, but in everyday speech most Iranians use khordan (to eat/drink). Reserve nushidan for menus, poetry, and polite written contexts.
توانستن
Tavânestan is the Persian modal verb for “to be able, can.” A2 foundation: pair mitavânam with a subjunctive verb to say what you can or cannot do, like “mitavânam beravam” (I can go).
دانستن
Dânestan means “to know” facts and information, distinct from shenâkhtan (knowing a person). A2 foundation verb: midânam answers 90 percent of “do you know?” questions in everyday conversation.