حقوق شهروندی (hoqouq-e shahrvandi) means civil rights or citizens’ rights in Persian. It combines the Arabic plural hoqouq (rights) with the Persian-built adjective shahrvandi (civic), making it a formal term for constitutional and human rights discourse.
حکم دادگاه (hokm-e dâdgâh) means a court ruling or judicial verdict in Persian. It combines the Arabic-origin hokm (ruling) with the native Persian dâdgâh (court), making it a mixed-origin legal compound used in formal and news contexts.
مفر (mafar) means an escape route, a way out, or a loophole. It is borrowed from Arabic, where it is a noun of place from the root f-r-r (to flee), and it is used in both literal and figurative senses in Persian.
جرایم سازمانیافته (jarâem-e sâzmân-yâfte) means organised crime. The phrase blends the Arabic broken plural jarâem (crimes) with the Persian compound sâzmân-yâfte (organised), making it a formal mixed-origin legal term.
خیانت ملی (khiyânat-e meli) means treason or betrayal of the state. Both components derive from Arabic roots, and the phrase carries the most severe charge in Iranian criminal law, historically used in high-profile political cases.
وکالتنامه (vakâlat-nâme) is a power of attorney or legal authorisation document. It joins the Arabic term vakâlat (representation) with the Persian word nâme (letter, document), making it a mixed-origin legal term.
بازداشت (bâzdâsht) means detention or being held in custody. A pure Persian compound from bâz (back) and dâsht (holding), it is more formal than dastgiri and implies custody without a completed trial.
دستگیری (dastgiri) means arrest or apprehension by police. A pure Persian compound of dast (hand) and giri (seizing), it is the everyday word for being taken into custody.
آزاد با ضمانت (âzâd bâ zamânat) means released on bail. The phrase blends Persian words (آزاد, با) with Arabic-origin ضمانت (surety), making it a genuine cross-origin legal phrase for temporary pre-trial freedom.
کفیل (kafil) means bail guarantor or surety: a person who formally vouches for a defendant’s appearance in court. From Arabic root ک-ف-ل meaning to guarantee, it is the standard legal term for someone standing bail.
