بادام
بادام (bâdâm) means almond. It is a pure Persian word from Middle Persian wâdâm, and the source of the word almond’s equivalents across South and Southeast Asian languages.
Glossary
گردو
گردو (gerdu) means walnut. It is a pure Persian word formed from گرد (gerd, round) plus the suffix -u, describing the nut’s rounded shape. Common in cooking and daily snacking.
پسته
پسته (peste) means pistachio. It is a pure Persian word and the direct ancestor of the English word pistachio, which reached English through Greek and Latin from Old Persian.
آجیل
آجیل (âjil) means a mix of nuts, seeds, and dried fruit served at gatherings. Its exact origin is uncertain: neither Arabic nor Turkish roots are confirmed by major dictionaries.
رب
رب (rob) means concentrated paste in Persian, borrowed from Arabic. In Iranian kitchens it almost always means tomato paste, though it also covers pomegranate and other reduced fruit concentrates.
آبلیمو
آبلیمو (ablimu) means lime or lemon juice in Persian, a compound of ab (water) and limu (lime). The two parts come from different origins, making this an everyday mixed-origin compound.
سرکه
سرکه (serke) means vinegar in Persian, a word inherited from Middle Persian with no Arabic origin. It is a staple souring agent in Iranian cooking, pickling, and traditional drinks.
روغن
روغن (roghan) means oil or fat in Persian, a word with ancient Iranian roots going back to Proto-Iranian. It covers cooking oil, animal fat, and any oily substance used in the kitchen.
کره
کره (kare) means butter in Persian, a word inherited from Middle Persian karag with deep Iranian roots. It is one of the most common fats used in Persian cooking and baking.
خمیر
خمیر (khamir) means dough in Persian, the raw mixture of flour and water that becomes bread. The word comes from Arabic and is essential in any Iranian kitchen.