سرکه

What it means

سرکه (serke) means vinegar, the sour liquid produced by fermenting alcohol. The word comes from Middle Persian and is an inherited Iranian term, not a borrowing from Arabic, though both language families have used it for centuries. In Persian kitchens, سرکه (serke) is most commonly grape vinegar (سرکه انگور, serke-ye angur) or apple vinegar (سرکه سیب, serke-ye sib). A related concept is ترشی (torshi), which refers to pickled vegetables preserved in vinegar, a broad category rather than the souring agent itself.

How to use it

• یه قاشق سرکه به سالاد اضافه کن. (Ye qashog serke be salad ezafe kon.) “Add a spoonful of vinegar to the salad.”
• سرکه انگور از بازار بخر. (Serke-ye angur az bazar bekhar.) “Buy grape vinegar from the market.”
• این ترشی توی سرکه خوابیده. (In torshi tuy serke khâbide.) “These pickles have been soaking in vinegar.”
• سرکه و روغن زیتون برای سس سالاد لازمه. (Serke o roghan-e zeytun baraye sos-e salad lazeme.) “Vinegar and olive oil are needed for the salad dressing.”

Cultural note

Vinegar has been a cornerstone of the Persian table for well over a thousand years, prized both as a preservative and as a souring agent that balances the richness of slow-cooked stews. The classical Persian drink سکنجبین (sekanjabin), a mixture of honey and vinegar with mint, is referenced in medieval Persian poetry and remains a popular summer refreshment today. Traditional medicine in Iran, drawing on humoral theory, long considered سرکه (serke) a cold and dry food that could temper excess heat in the body.

References

• Dehkhoda
• Vajehyab