دوچرخه
دوچرخه (docharkhe) means bicycle, a pure-Persian compound: do (two) plus charkhe (wheel). It is a deliberate native coinage mirroring the structure of the French word bicyclette.
Glossary
اسکله
اسکله (eskele) means pier, jetty, or dock. It traveled into Persian via Ottoman Turkish iskele, which came from Italian scala (ladder). Used for ferry terminals, fishing piers, and cargo wharves.
قایق
قایق (ghâyeq) means small boat, borrowed from Turkic (cf. Turkish kayık). It covers rowboats, fishing boats, and paddleboats. For large ships, Persian uses کشتی instead.
کشتی
کشتی (kashti) means ship, a pure Persian word from the verb keshidan (to pull or draw). Note: کشتی also means wrestling in Persian, a completely separate meaning requiring context.
بندر
بندر (bandar) means port or harbor, a pure-Persian word from the root band (to tie or moor). It was exported widely: Arabic, Urdu, Malay, and Indonesian all borrowed it from Persian.
ایستگاه قطار
ایستگاه قطار (istgâh-e ghatâr) means train station. ایستگاه is pure Persian (stopping-place), while قطار is Arabic (train). Together they form the standard term used on all Iranian rail signage.
قطار
قطار (ghatâr) means train, an Arabic loanword from qitār (a line of camels). The image of a connected line migrated naturally to railway trains. It covers all train types in Persian.
تونل
تونل (tunel) means tunnel, borrowed from French. It is the standard Persian word for road tunnels, metro tunnels, and underpasses, with no native Persian equivalent.
پل
پل (pol) means bridge in Persian, a pure native word with Middle Iranian roots. It is the universal term for any bridge structure, from a small footbridge to a major overpass.
اتوبان
اتوبان (otobân) means motorway or expressway, borrowed directly from the German Autobahn. It refers specifically to controlled-access highways, distinct from the general intercity road (jâdde).