استدلال
estedlal means reasoning or argumentation, a B2 abstract noun that is the Persian word for structured argument, common in news, court, and parliamentary debate.
Arabic
اشاره کردن
eshare-kardan means to refer to or allude to, a B1 compound verb for passing mention, distinguished from towzih-dadan which is a full explanation.
توضیح
towzih means explanation, an A2 abstract noun for any clarifying statement, distinguished from eshare which is a passing allusion.
توضیح دادن
towzih-dadan means to explain, an A2 compound verb that is the everyday Persian word for any act of explanation, from classroom to courtroom to kitchen.
تشریح کردن
tashrih-kardan means to elaborate, a B2 compound verb for careful, point-by-point exposition, common in journalism and academic prose.
مجله
majalleh is the Persian word for magazine, an A1 Arabic-origin noun covering weeklies, monthly literary journals, and women’s glossies alike.
نشریه
nashriyeh is the Persian word for a periodical or publication, a B1 Arabic-origin noun that covers magazines, journals, bulletins, and serialized print.
مقاله
maqaleh is the Persian word for an article or paper, an A2 noun that covers everything from a newspaper piece to a peer-reviewed academic paper.
نقد کردن
naghd kardan is the compound verb to critique, used for serious evaluation of books, films, and policies, distinct from the lighter enteqad kardan.
نقد
naghd means critique or criticism, a B1 Arabic-origin noun for serious evaluative analysis, distinct from intezad (objection) and enteqad (criticism).