رهبر
رهبر (rahbar) means leader or guide. In everyday Persian it covers any leader, but in modern Iran it carries the specific constitutional title of Supreme Leader.
Glossary
صلح
صلح (solh) is an Arabic loanword meaning peace. From the root s-l-h (reconciliation, soundness), it names the absence of war between states and, more broadly, harmony between people.
جنگ
جنگ (jang) means war. It is a native Persian word attested in Middle Persian, naming armed conflict between states or groups. It contrasts with صلح (solh, peace), its direct opposite.
قیام
قیام (qiyâm) is an Arabic loanword meaning uprising or revolt. From the root q-w-m (to stand, to rise), it describes a collective act of resistance against authority, formal or popular.
شهروند
شهروند (shahrvand) means citizen. A purely Persian compound: shahr (city) plus the native suffix -vand (belonging to). It names anyone who holds legal membership in a state or city.
ملت
ملت (mellat) means “nation” or “the people” in Persian. Originally an Arabic word for a religious community, it shifted in meaning during the Constitutional Revolution to signify a modern civic nation.
حاکمیت
حاکمیت (hâkemiyyat) means “sovereignty” in Persian. An Arabic-rooted abstract noun from the root meaning to rule, it is the standard term in constitutional and political discourse for supreme state authority.
رأی دادن
رأی دادن (ra’y dâdan) means “to vote” in Persian. It is a mixed compound: the Arabic noun رأی (vote/opinion) joined with the native Persian light verb دادن (to give), a pattern common in Persian.
رأی
رأی (ra’y) means “vote” or “opinion” in Persian. Borrowed from Arabic, it carries both the civic sense of casting a ballot and the judicial sense of a ruling or verdict.
وزارت
وزارت (vezârat) means “ministry” in Persian. It is an Arabic loanword built on the root vezir (minister), and today it names each department of the Iranian executive government.