What it means
تجدیدنظر (tajdid-nazar) means appeal or judicial review: the formal process of asking a higher court to re-examine a lower court’s ruling. Both parts of the compound come from Arabic. تجدید (tajdid) means renewal or repetition, from the root ج-د-د, and نظر (nazar) means view, opinion, or examination, from the root ن-ظ-ر. Together they mean, literally, a fresh look or re-examination. In legal Persian this is the established term for lodging an appeal. The phrase دادگاه تجدیدنظر (dâdgâh-e tajdid-nazar) refers to an appeals court.
How to use it
- وکیل درخواست تجدیدنظر داد. (vakil darkhâst-e tajdid-nazar dâd.) “The lawyer filed an appeal.”
- دادگاه تجدیدنظر حکم را نقض کرد. (dâdgâh-e tajdid-nazar hokm râ naqz kard.) “The appeals court overturned the verdict.”
- مهلت تجدیدنظر بیست روزه. (mohlat-e tajdid-nazar bist ruzeh.) “The deadline for appeal is twenty days.”
- حق تجدیدنظر از حقوق اساسی متهمه. (haqq-e tajdid-nazar az hoqûq-e asâsi-ye mottaham-e.) “The right to appeal is one of the defendant’s fundamental rights.”
Cultural note
Iran’s court system includes provincial courts of first instance, courts of appeal (دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان), and the Supreme Court (دیوان عالی کشور). Exercising the right to تجدیدنظر is a standard and recognized step in criminal and civil proceedings. However, in politically sensitive cases, defence lawyers have reported difficulties in accessing appeal processes. The term itself is purely Arabic in etymology and has been in use in Persian legal writing for several centuries, predating the modern court structure.